Comparing and Contrasting between Health Promotion and Health Essay

Comparing and Contrasting between Health Promotion and Health Education - Essay Example On the other hand, health promotion "seeks to improve or protect health through behavioural, biological, socio-economic and environmental changes. It can include health education, personal services, environmental measures, community and organisational development, and economic and regulatory activities" (Catford and Nutbeam, 1984). Thus, the authors view health promotion as being inclusive of health education, with the scope of health promotion being wider. Seymour (1984) defines health promotion as the "positive pursuit of fitness and wellbeing by means of a whole range of activities, including health education, legal and environmental controls and influence on social and economic factors" (37). Accordingly, from the practitioner's point of view, health promotion and health education overlap in many, if not all respects. Seymour further points out that the differences between the two are not of content However, the definition stated above has two utilities, in that it prevents "sterile discussions" about what is education and what is not, and helps clearly demarcate activities requiring expertise of different nature. MacDonald (1996) has elaborated upon the philosophical differences between health education and promotion. ... Thus, health promotion " involves a radical political stance in which discussion of, health matters requires a heightened level of awareness and critical consciousness, e.g. awareness of women's health issues" (220). Program Proposal: Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Elementary School Children Background The health promotion program proposed here is inspired by the success of the CATCH program (Luepker, Perry, McKinlay, Nader, Parcel, Stone, Webber, Elder, Feldman, and Johnson, 1996). The mission statement, goals and objectives are modified from those used in the CATCH program, and a focussed target of elementary schools within a well-defined local area is assumed. Mission Statement The aim of this program is to introduce a wide range of activities in elementary schools which are geared towards the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among students in the third through fifth grade. Program Goals Food Service Modifications The first goal of the proposed program is to induce changes in the lunch offerings at cafeteria of elementary schools within the target area, so as to meet USDA requirements (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2000). The four program objectives of this goal are as follows: 1. Lunches provided at all elementary schools in the target area will meet the USDA requirement of a minimum energy level of 664 kcal 2. Of this, the fat content shall not exceed 30% of the total calorific content 3. The meal shall consist of not less than 10g of protein, 286mg of calcium, 3.5mg of iron, at lease 224 retinol equivalents of vitamin A and at lest 15mg of vitamin C. 4. At the end of a 3 year evaluation period, the measured dietary intake of fat among children of the

Colony Textile Mills Essay Example for Free

Colony Textile Mills Essay History Colony Group is one of the leading and oldest Textile Manufacturing group in Pakistan. The 1st industrial venture of the group was in cotton ginning sector back in 1881. Gradually the group diversified in to flour milling in the early 1900s. First textile spinning plant was put up in 1946 under the name of Colony Textile Mills Limited. The Group further ventured in to Banking, Insurance, Cement, and Power Generation Distribution. By 1952 Colony Textile Mills Limited was a composite textile plant with a 120,000 spindles, 1,500 looms, and fabric finishing capacity in excess of 150,000 meters per day. Nationalization of 1972 took most of the business away, leaving Textile and Insurance in the Group. Presently, there are two companies in the group, namely, Colony Textile Mills Limited (CTM) with about 195,000 Spindles, and Colony Industries (Pvt. ) Limited (CIL), consisting of 35,000 Spindles and 418 Air Jet Looms. Width | Looms| | 190cm| 180| 176 Cam +12 Dobby + 12 Crank (20 Looms with Batchers)| 210cm| 24| 24 Cam Looms (4 Looms with Batchers)| 280cm| 26| 20 Cam + 6 Dobby| 340cm| 188| 174 Cam + 14 Dobby| Competitive Dimensions CIL is a very strong and only group that has 418 Looms in same place. This helps in fulfilment of large orders at high speed. If the looms are installed at different locations large orders cannot be processed because of factors like communication barrier and increased cost of transportation etc. Another unique thing CIL has is the Automatic Drawing in machine. When order of new quality is received it needs to be designed for the loom to work on. If manually this process is done the time required to feed the new design in the loom would be around 16 hours. The time CIL takes to do the same task is just 2 hours with better efficiency. This automated machine is only available at CIL and increases order fulfilment speed. The power requirement for the setup of 418 looms, compressor fleets and other support functions is 8MW. The cost of power i. e. electricity is reduced to a greater extent by manufacturing through its own power generation system which produces 10MW through Natural gas. Moreover for an uninterrupted supply of electricity CIL has its own grid station. Similarly CIL’s own compressors fleet decreases the cost of raw material i. e. compressed air which prevents the machinery from heating up and maintain humidity and temperatures. Capacity Capacity or the production of looms greatly depends upon the quality of fabric. If fabric is of high quality production will be less. The reason behind this is high quality fabric uses fine threads. Production also depends upon the number of threads used in manufacturing. 6 million meters per month approx production has been recorded by CIL. Initially there were 120 looms at CIL. Capacity addition was done in March 2005 and 154 looms were added. Capacity addition for the 2nd time was done at the end of 3rd quarter by adding 144 looms making production capacity of 6. 0 million meters fabric per month. Core Services and Value Added Services The core service of CIL is grey fabric manufacturing. They don’t provide internal information of accounts, operations etc. to external people. However they provide samples to their clients which are sales support. Field support is also not easy in this weaving business but they do rectify the error within the specified time. Fail Safing techniques Automated motion sensors Automated motion sensors stop the process of creeling, sizing and weaving whenever a thread breaks down or any error appears in the process. This prevents errors from increasing. Online Inspection System Online Inspection system is a manual system by which errors can be checked by mills manager. The data is fed to the system by operators and is evaluated by mills manager for removal of errors. During Production Checks Technicians and operators are responsible for checking and removing the errors during production. After Production Checks Inspection and folding department rectifies error if it still exists before packing. After packing the order is randomly checked so that client gets error free order. Process Selection The type of processes they are using at the most basic level is Fabrication rocess that means Colony Industry converts their raw material i. e. raw yarn to grey fabric. Grey fabric is the form of fabric before printing or dying. This process of fabrication is termed as Weaving in the terminology of Textile business. Yarn flow is organized in the factory by process technology known as batch shop. Yarn is retrieved from yarn procurement department as the order is receive d for the production of grey fabric and then it is processed in the form of batches or order. Mill consists of 3 Units each having 2 Sheds which are control units. Hierarchy of authority is in Appendix. Each Unit is headed by Mills manger and so on. Production in charge are responsible for 60, senior technicians for 16 and Operators for 4-6 looms. Warping Creeling Quality Check Yarn High Spinning Mill Low Sizing Head Stock Warper Beams Drawing In Sizing Roll Inspection Bales Packaging Weaving Approve Pallets Disapprove Storage Treatable Treat Yes No Waste No Flow Chart Marketing department receives order and transfer production order to the mill. Mill staff plans the order and tells yarn procurement department for yarn purchase. This department purchases yarn from colony’s spinning mill and other spinning mills. The yarn is not stored at the mill but it is received from the source when needed. Once yarn is received by the mill it is sent to quality check department for inspection where yarn is weighed and tested for hair and tension. If the yarn is not approved, it is sent back to the source otherwise it is transferred to the next department. This yarn is in the form of spindles which is loaded on creeling machine manually. Then the process of warping starts in which these spindles are unrolled and rolled on the warping beams which are then transferred for sizing. In the process of sizing, starch and polyvinyl along with some other chemicals and water are cooked and applied to the yarn. This process makes yarn able to go through the next steps by increasing its strength and elasticity. After drying the yarn, ends are separated in a manner that they do not stick to each other. This dried yarn is rolled on temporary storage which has the size according to the width of the cloth known as sizing head stock. After the process of drawing in as explained previously, it is injected to the loom for the process of weaving. The temperature is controlled by a special system of compressor fleet. Once weaving is done, inspection of each inch of cloth is done for quality assurance where decision is made regarding acceptance, rejection and mending of cloth. After approval, it is sent for packing as mentioned in production order and if fabric is not approved, it is mended otherwise it is sent to the waste. Back Process: In Warping, the whole set-up is of Ben-Direct Benninger V 1080/2400. Colony Ind. has 6 Warping machines with the Creel Capacity of 1080 each. Each machine is with the electronic sensors for the tracing of broken ends. In Sizing, Colony has the Ben-Sizetech Zell KVE, Creel 32 WW/4000 machines. Colony has 4 Sizing machines, 3 with the Head Stock size of 4 meters. Total Creel Capacity ranges from 16 (1 m/c) to 28 (1 m/c) till 32 (2 m/c’s). The Sizing machine is with pre-wet technology with double dip sow-box. Colony has an additional facility of Beam Stacker which is not found anywhere else in Pakistan. Colony is equipped with 2 Beam Stacker from Formia Nova of Italy with total of 65 bars holding the capacity of 195 no of beams for Narrow 130 no of beams for Wider. DRAWING-IN Colony has the state of the art 2 Automatic Drawing-In machine which is found rare in Pakistan. One machine is from Staubli (Delta 110-4) which has the capacity of 150,000 ends/day filling with the speed of 140 threads/min. The 2nd machine is from ELM S. P. A (Super Vega) which has the 80 threads/min filling speed. Weaving Colony has the total production of 6. 00 million meters fabric/month with 418 looms all of Toyota JAT 710 in production. In the 190 cm section (Narrow looms), they have 180 looms, 24 with the batching motions. Folding machines has the total capacity of 25k/shift/machine. Rolling machine is with the production of 10000 meters fabric/shift/machine Quality Inspection/folding is the process for quality checks. In this process each inch of fabric is inspected. The quality of fabric depends upon the discretion of client and is checked according to the efficiency of loom stated in Production Order. Price also increases with the fineness of the fabric. During the process if any defect is found than it is decided according to the nature of the defect whether to allow it or treat the fabric. Then fabric is categorized into three grades A, B and C. A is finest category and is considered to be of export quality, while B and C are of lower quality. They follow 4 point system which allows maximum of 4 errors and is world wide accepted. Colony has fully equipped Quality Lab with all kind of testing equipments including the Uster Tester 4 for yarn checking. Quality Lab make sure that there is no compromise in the quality of the yarn used the fabric produced. The whole set-up has the check points from Quality Department from Back Process to Article, from Inspection to packing, thus resulting in the production of 1st class A-Grade fabric as committed. Colony has the Wrapping Reel from Mesdan Italy with the Model # S-389 A used for the making of lea. It follows the ASTM standard of D-1907-01. Auto Sorter is from Uster Switzerland with the Model PR 503 DR. Most Important machine in the Lab of colony is Uster UT -4 with the Model SE 400101-02100. Make of UT-4 is from Uster Switzerland for the checking of IPI’s in the yarn. For the checking of Hairiness in the yarn, colony has the Hairiness Tester from Zweigle Germany with the Model G-567. To check the Tear Strength of the fabric, colony has the Tear Strength Tester from Zweigle Germany with the model FX-3750. Their primary focus is quality because CIL is export based company. If quality is not up to the mark clients move to Bangladesh and China because they provide cheap products with low quality. Pakistani fabric is famous for its high quality and perfection. Recommendations: 1. Sales of local sector are dependent on few companies. The proportion of sales should be changed so that colony’s risk is minimized. This will also help in improving performance as it will result in sale increase. 2. Sale per order should be considered and goal should be â€Å"the more worth of order, higher should be the frequency of order. 3. Monitoring systems that allows online communication and control of looms should be installed to manage the system more accurately. 4. Employees should be decreased by bringing in automated creeling machine which reduces the time by automatically removing the spindles once the thread is removed from them. 5. Operations focus should be on wide looms as they have s aid that these wide looms have generated greater inflows. 6. Capacity addition should be kept in view as it has been around 3 years now before the last addition was made. 7. Training of employees by sending them to technical institutes abroad should be done as fail safing technique to reduce the chance of defect in the fabric. 8. Colony has fewer inflows in exports and greater in local therefore sales efforts should be engaged to increase local orders and increase inflows from exports. 9. Colony should use ingredient branding like they can market their cloth by informing clients about the brand of Looms Company have installed. 10. Operations policy should be made and reviewed continuously. Every employee should be involved in designing the policy. Appendix

Free College Essays - Othello and Honesty :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Othello and Honesty    Honesty is one of the most important factors in Othello.   And although there is very little honesty actually present in the play the term is most commonly applied to Iago, who also happens to be the most dishonest character in Othello.   Due partly to the other characters naivetà ©, Iago is capable of manipulating, brainwashing, and molding the other characters to satisfy his need for revenge against Othello.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago would most commonly be referred to as dishonest, however beyond that he is also downright amoral and uses other’s weaknesses to manipulate them into doing what he pleases.   From the very beginning we see how Iago manipulates Roderigo by pretending he is looking out for his best interests in the matter of Othello’s elopement with Desdemona.   He makes Barbantio angry with Othello and Desdemona by telling him about their elopement then lying about the consummation of their relationship.   He then leaves Roderigo to take responsibility for his (Iago’s) actions.   In the meantime he goes off to inform Othello that Roderigo is accountable for telling Barbantio about the relationship and saying horrible things about Othello.   Iago later brings Roderigo back into his quest for revenge when he tries to get Cassio fired from the position that Iago originally wished to obtain.   Although Cassio knows it is aga inst his better judgement to drink, Iago manipulates him into getting drunk then stages a fight between Roderigo and Cassio.   He even goes as far as to try to make Cassio look bad by telling Montano that he gets drunk regularly. Upon Iago’s explanation of the situation Othello promptly fires Cassio from his position and Iago becomes more respected in Othello’s eyes.   Roderigo is a prime example of how Iago uses people to fulfil his desires.   Iago convinces Roderigo that he could win Desdemona’s love away from Othello and the only man that stands in the way is Cassio.   In this way when he plans to humiliate Cassio it seems as if he is doing it to help out Roderigo when, in actuality, he is seeking revenge on Cassio for taking his position.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the main reasons Iago is so successful at manipulating others is because they are too guileless to realize that he is taking advantage of them.   Cassio still comes to Iago for advice after Iago rats him out and gets him fired.

James Monroe Essay -- essays research papers

James Monroe was born in the quiet town of Westmoreland County, Virginia on April 28, 1758. His father, Spencer Monroe, was married to Elizabeth Jones in 1752. Spencer Monroe was a circuit judge and a farmer for the town (Kane 40). Monroe was the oldest of five. There were four other children; Andrew, Joseph, and Elizabeth. His third brother had died in his early childhood. He attended grammar school at a small academy for boys. This school had a reputation for serving the best of men, like George Washington and John Marshall (Kane 40), which is unique because he later followed George Washington as president. George Washington was a family friend of the Monroe’s. He admired Washington and was influenced by him at a young age. At age 16 his father Spencer Monroe died. Monroe was left to be the man of the house. A family member suggested that James should continue his education at the William and Mary College. Monroe enrolled in the most difficult program that the College offer ed (Stefoff 11). Within a year of his attendance at William and Mary College, the shot heard around the world at Lexington occurred. War broke out with England, and Monroe wanted to do something about it. At age 18 he later joined the army enlisting in the Third Virginia Infantry (Stefoff 12). Monroe was appointed lieutenant after a party of soldiers raided a British house taking guns and supplies. He later was acquainted with George Washington when the Third Virginia Infantry was joined with Washington’s troops in New York (Stefoff 13). During the war he was wounded in the Battle of Trenton but not severely. Monroe assigned to deskwork was asked if he would send a letter to the governor of Virginia asking for more soldiers. Monroe was waiting for a response from Washington but never heard from him, so in the mean time he studied law (Stefoff 15). Monroe became an aid under Thomas Jefferson, Governor of Virginia also influenced his life. Monroe and his good school friend work ed on the governor’s speeches and organized meetings. This prepared Monroe for what was to become of his life as President (Stefoff 21). Since the war was still going on, he had a mission from the military. Monroe was asked to go south and spy on British troops, because American troops feared that they were planning a surprise attack on them (Stefoff 21-22). After Monroe’s successful mission against British troops a... ...eted several projects that he cared about which needed to be addressed. One of them was setting aside land for Indians west of the Mississippi River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monroe left Washington on March 3, 1825 and set out for Oak Hill with his family. Although he was very successful in life, after his retirement he fell into financial trouble. The last six years of his life was very difficult. His debt had mounted and while waiting for money Congress owed him, on July 4, 1831, James Monroe died, bankrupt (Damon 95).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Monroe was an excellent president and loved by all people. His main focus to help our country succeed as a nation together, kept us unified and strong. Although there were bad times, his success made up for those. He made a great impact in our history as a nation. He created the Monroe Doctrine, made it hard to own slaves, helped Indians find land, and helped our country unite as one. He fought for us in the War of 1812, which he was wounded. He loved our country and was true to the U.S. Monroe was the ‘Era of Good Feeling’ and will always be remember as James Monroe, who did bring to many people an era of good feelings. James Monroe Essay -- essays research papers James Monroe was born in the quiet town of Westmoreland County, Virginia on April 28, 1758. His father, Spencer Monroe, was married to Elizabeth Jones in 1752. Spencer Monroe was a circuit judge and a farmer for the town (Kane 40). Monroe was the oldest of five. There were four other children; Andrew, Joseph, and Elizabeth. His third brother had died in his early childhood. He attended grammar school at a small academy for boys. This school had a reputation for serving the best of men, like George Washington and John Marshall (Kane 40), which is unique because he later followed George Washington as president. George Washington was a family friend of the Monroe’s. He admired Washington and was influenced by him at a young age. At age 16 his father Spencer Monroe died. Monroe was left to be the man of the house. A family member suggested that James should continue his education at the William and Mary College. Monroe enrolled in the most difficult program that the College offer ed (Stefoff 11). Within a year of his attendance at William and Mary College, the shot heard around the world at Lexington occurred. War broke out with England, and Monroe wanted to do something about it. At age 18 he later joined the army enlisting in the Third Virginia Infantry (Stefoff 12). Monroe was appointed lieutenant after a party of soldiers raided a British house taking guns and supplies. He later was acquainted with George Washington when the Third Virginia Infantry was joined with Washington’s troops in New York (Stefoff 13). During the war he was wounded in the Battle of Trenton but not severely. Monroe assigned to deskwork was asked if he would send a letter to the governor of Virginia asking for more soldiers. Monroe was waiting for a response from Washington but never heard from him, so in the mean time he studied law (Stefoff 15). Monroe became an aid under Thomas Jefferson, Governor of Virginia also influenced his life. Monroe and his good school friend work ed on the governor’s speeches and organized meetings. This prepared Monroe for what was to become of his life as President (Stefoff 21). Since the war was still going on, he had a mission from the military. Monroe was asked to go south and spy on British troops, because American troops feared that they were planning a surprise attack on them (Stefoff 21-22). After Monroe’s successful mission against British troops a... ...eted several projects that he cared about which needed to be addressed. One of them was setting aside land for Indians west of the Mississippi River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monroe left Washington on March 3, 1825 and set out for Oak Hill with his family. Although he was very successful in life, after his retirement he fell into financial trouble. The last six years of his life was very difficult. His debt had mounted and while waiting for money Congress owed him, on July 4, 1831, James Monroe died, bankrupt (Damon 95).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Monroe was an excellent president and loved by all people. His main focus to help our country succeed as a nation together, kept us unified and strong. Although there were bad times, his success made up for those. He made a great impact in our history as a nation. He created the Monroe Doctrine, made it hard to own slaves, helped Indians find land, and helped our country unite as one. He fought for us in the War of 1812, which he was wounded. He loved our country and was true to the U.S. Monroe was the ‘Era of Good Feeling’ and will always be remember as James Monroe, who did bring to many people an era of good feelings.

Role of Language in the Internet and the effect of the Internet on Language

The Internet is one of the most remarkable things human beings have ever made. With the past few decades, internet has become so popular and it is an integral part of our daily lives. Email, instant messaging and chat are rapidly replacing the conventional forms of correspondence, and the Web has become the first port of call for both information enquiry and leisure activity. How is this affecting language? There is a widespread view that as ‘technospeak’ comes to rule, standards will be lost. This project is an attempt to explore this linguistic problem.A qualitative and also quantitative study is conducted here to see how internet’s global scale and intensity is having an effect on language in general, and on individual languages in particular. Covering a range of Internet genres, including e-mail, chat and the Web, this is a revealing account of how the Internet is radically changing the way we use language. The thesis work will first discuss the role of langua ge in the internet and thereafter, the effect of the internet on language with central focus on the latter.David Crystal, in his book Language and the Internet says that language is at the heart of internet. Internet comes increasingly to be viewed from a social perspective, so the role of language becomes central. Thus internet is a medium of communication which is inevitable aided by language. Whether it is browsing, blogging, chatting or e-mails, language has a great role to play because if we do not know the language, then we cannot use the internet at all. The influence of internet over the language has to be viewed in much broader aspect.There is of course nothing new about the fears accompanying the emergence of a new communications technology. In the fifteenth century, the arrival of printing was widely perceived by the Church as an invention of Satan, the hierarchy fearing that the dissemination of uncensored ideas would lead to a breakdown of social order and put innumerab le souls at deadly risks. Around 400 years later, similar concerns about censorship and control were widespread with the arrival of telegraph. When telephone arrived, people said it would undermine the society.And when broadcasting enabled selected voices to be heard by millions, there was an immediate debate over which norms to use as correct pronunciation, how to achieve clarity, etc. Internet is an amalgamation of television, telephone, and conventional publishing, and the term cyberspace has been coined to capture the notion of a world of information present or possible in digital form. The electronic medium presents us with a channel that facilitates and constrains our ability to communicate in ways that are fundamentally different from those found in other semiotic situations.Many of the expectations and practices which we associate with spoken and written language does not hold valid in the way we communicate using internet. Therefore the first attempt of this research is to investigate the linguistic properties of the so –called ‘electronic revolution’, and to take a view on whether the way in which we use language on the Internet is becoming so different from our previous linguistic behaviours that it might genuinely be described as revolutionary. The wide use of internet has led to a new branch in linguistics called netlinguistics that deals with the study of internet language.It has brought tremendous effect in the daily language of people, and mainly in the English language. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is the communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers. While the term traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer mediated formats, for example; instant messaging, chat rooms, email and so on, it has also been applied to other forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging. Popular forms of CMC include email, video, audio or text chat, bulletin boards, blogs etc.The Internet slang came into use primarily in order to ease communication. Such short-cuts save time for the writer but it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend. Slang is also a way to indicate a group membership in Internet. Internet slang does not constitute a homogeneous language variety. It differs according to the user and the type of Internet situation. Some examples of Internet slang are: letter homophones, abbreviations, acronyms etc. An abbreviation for abbreviations is â€Å"CU† for â€Å"See you†.An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and is formed from the initial components of a word. Examples of common acronyms include â€Å"LOL† for â€Å"laugh out loud† or â€Å"lots of love† and â€Å"BTW† for â€Å"by the way†. There are also combinations of both, like â€Å"CUL8R† for â€Å"see you later†. Punctuation, Capitalization and other symbols, such features are co mmonly used for emphasis or stress. Periods or exclamation marks may be used repeatedly for emphasis, such as â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. † or â€Å"!!!!!!!!!! â€Å". Grammatical punctuation rules are also relaxed on the Internet.â€Å"E-mail† may simply be expressed as â€Å"email†, and apostrophes can be dropped so that â€Å"John's book† becomes â€Å"johns book†. Examples of capitalization include â€Å"STOP IT†, which can convey a stronger emotion of annoyance as opposed to â€Å"stop it†. Bold, underline and italics are also used to indicate stress. Onomatopoeic or stylized spellings have also become popularized on the Internet. One well-known example is â€Å"hahaha† to indicate â€Å"laughter†. Onomatopoeic spellings are very language specific. For instance, in Spanish, laughter will be spelt as â€Å"jajaja† instead.Deliberate misspellings, such as â€Å"sauce† for â€Å"source†, are also used . Keyboard generated emoticons and smileys; Emoticons are generally found in web forums, instant messengers and online games. They are culture-specific and certain emoticons are only found in some languages but not in others. For example, the Japanese equivalent of emoticons, kaomoji literally meaning â€Å"face marks†, focus on the eyes instead of the mouth as in Western emoticons. They are also meant to be read right-side up, for example, ^_^ as opposed to sideways, =). More recently than face emoticons, other emoticon symbols such as Role of Language in the Internet and the effect of the Internet on Language The Internet is one of the most remarkable things human beings have ever made. With the past few decades, internet has become so popular and it is an integral part of our daily lives. Email, instant messaging and chat are rapidly replacing the conventional forms of correspondence, and the Web has become the first port of call for both information enquiry and leisure activity. How is this affecting language? There is a widespread view that as ‘technospeak’ comes to rule, standards will be lost. This project is an attempt to explore this linguistic problem.A qualitative and also quantitative study is conducted here to see how internet’s global scale and intensity is having an effect on language in general, and on individual languages in particular. Covering a range of Internet genres, including e-mail, chat and the Web, this is a revealing account of how the Internet is radically changing the way we use language. The thesis work will first discuss the role of langua ge in the internet and thereafter, the effect of the internet on language with central focus on the latter.David Crystal, in his book Language and the Internet says that language is at the heart of internet. Internet comes increasingly to be viewed from a social perspective, so the role of language becomes central. Thus internet is a medium of communication which is inevitable aided by language. Whether it is browsing, blogging, chatting or e-mails, language has a great role to play because if we do not know the language, then we cannot use the internet at all. The influence of internet over the language has to be viewed in much broader aspect.There is of course nothing new about the fears accompanying the emergence of a new communications technology. In the fifteenth century, the arrival of printing was widely perceived by the Church as an invention of Satan, the hierarchy fearing that the dissemination of uncensored ideas would lead to a breakdown of social order and put innumerab le souls at deadly risks. Around 400 years later, similar concerns about censorship and control were widespread with the arrival of telegraph. When telephone arrived, people said it would undermine the society.And when broadcasting enabled selected voices to be heard by millions, there was an immediate debate over which norms to use as correct pronunciation, how to achieve clarity, etc. Internet is an amalgamation of television, telephone, and conventional publishing, and the term cyberspace has been coined to capture the notion of a world of information present or possible in digital form. The electronic medium presents us with a channel that facilitates and constrains our ability to communicate in ways that are fundamentally different from those found in other semiotic situations.Many of the expectations and practices which we associate with spoken and written language does not hold valid in the way we communicate using internet. Therefore the first attempt of this research is to investigate the linguistic properties of the so –called ‘electronic revolution’, and to take a view on whether the way in which we use language on the Internet is becoming so different from our previous linguistic behaviours that it might genuinely be described as revolutionary. The wide use of internet has led to a new branch in linguistics called netlinguistics that deals with the study of internet language.It has brought tremendous effect in the daily language of people, and mainly in the English language. Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) is the communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers. While the term traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer mediated formats, for example; instant messaging, chat rooms, email and so on, it has also been applied to other forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging. Popular forms of CMC include email, video, audio or text chat, bulletin boards, blogs etc.The Internet slang came into use primarily in order to ease communication. Such short-cuts save time for the writer but it may be difficult for the reader to comprehend. Slang is also a way to indicate a group membership in Internet. Internet slang does not constitute a homogeneous language variety. It differs according to the user and the type of Internet situation. Some examples of Internet slang are: letter homophones, abbreviations, acronyms etc. An abbreviation for abbreviations is â€Å"CU† for â€Å"See you†.An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and is formed from the initial components of a word. Examples of common acronyms include â€Å"LOL† for â€Å"laugh out loud† or â€Å"lots of love† and â€Å"BTW† for â€Å"by the way†. There are also combinations of both, like â€Å"CUL8R† for â€Å"see you later†. Punctuation, Capitalization and other symbols, such features are co mmonly used for emphasis or stress. Periods or exclamation marks may be used repeatedly for emphasis, such as â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. † or â€Å"!!!!!!!!!! â€Å". Grammatical punctuation rules are also relaxed on the Internet.â€Å"E-mail† may simply be expressed as â€Å"email†, and apostrophes can be dropped so that â€Å"John's book† becomes â€Å"johns book†. Examples of capitalization include â€Å"STOP IT†, which can convey a stronger emotion of annoyance as opposed to â€Å"stop it†. Bold, underline and italics are also used to indicate stress. Onomatopoeic or stylized spellings have also become popularized on the Internet. One well-known example is â€Å"hahaha† to indicate â€Å"laughter†. Onomatopoeic spellings are very language specific. For instance, in Spanish, laughter will be spelt as â€Å"jajaja† instead.Deliberate misspellings, such as â€Å"sauce† for â€Å"source†, are also used . Keyboard generated emoticons and smileys; Emoticons are generally found in web forums, instant messengers and online games. They are culture-specific and certain emoticons are only found in some languages but not in others. For example, the Japanese equivalent of emoticons, kaomoji literally meaning â€Å"face marks†, focus on the eyes instead of the mouth as in Western emoticons. They are also meant to be read right-side up, for example, ^_^ as opposed to sideways, =). More recently than face emoticons, other emoticon symbols such as

Words From Other Languages That Have No English Equivalent

Words From Other Languages That Have No English Equivalent Have you ever experienced a moment that you wish you had a word for, but there were just no words available in the English language to describe it? Sure, it can be described with multiple sentences, but one simple word would be much better, right?As much as English borrows words from outside languages, there are still some words from other cultures that have no English equivalent (but should!). These words depict common feelings, experiences, and personalities but require a much longer explanation in English. With that in mind, heres our list of favorite words in other languages that have no English equivalent.Words with no English equivalentAntier (Spanish)This word means the day before yesterday and would be extremely helpful to have in ones English vocabulary when describing something that happened two days back.Aware (Japanese)This word describes the bittersweet and brief moment when you experience transcendent beauty. This one is especially important for Nature lovers.Backpfeife ngesicht (German)If youve ever looked at somebody and become so annoyed that you just want to hit them in the face, youve experienced Backpfeifengesicht, which means a face badly in need of a fist.Bakku-shan (Japanese)This word is used to describe a beautiful girl as long as shes being viewed from behind. Thats not to say that its a nice word, but one thats used nonetheless.Bilita Mpash (Bantu)This word is the opposite of a nightmare, and is used to describe an amazing dream- one that you wished you didnt have to awaken from.Cafune (Brazilian)This is the romantic act of tenderly running your fingers through your lovers hair. Of course, such a passionate culture would be the one to create a word describing this romantic act!Cavoli Riscaldati (Italian)This word translates literally into reheated cabbage and means trying to rekindle an unworkable relationship. As bad as reheated cabbage is, the word is perfect to remind you that second tries probably wont be any more successful than th e first one.Estrenar (Spanish)When you wear or experience something for the first time- it can apply to anything, from meals to clothes to buying your first home.Faamiti (Samoan)To make a squeaking sound by sucking air past the lips in order to gain the attention of a dog or child.Fargin (Yiddish)You experience this when you wholeheartedly appreciate the success of others.Fargin is a Yiddish word describing how you feel when you wholeheartedly appreciate the success of others. Photo by Nghia Le on Unsplash.Fernweh (German)Have you ever felt homesick for a place youve never ever been to? If so, youve experienced fernweh.Fisselig (German)If youve ever become so flustered because of someone elses nagging that you were unable to complete a task or were sloppy at doing so, youve experienced fisselig.Gigil (Filipino)Remember the aunts and grandmothers in your family who always felt the need to pinch or squeeze your cheeks because they were so cute? They were feeling gigil.Greng-jai (Thai) That feeling you get when you dont want someone to do something for you because it would be difficult for them.Hygge (Danish)When youre sitting around, relaxing with a few friends and loved ones while having a meal or some drinks, youre experiencing hygge. It is very similar to a feeling of coziness.Iktsuarpok (Inuit)When youre waiting around for someone to show up and they arent on time, this word describes the frustration of that experience.Kaelling (Danish)You know that woman who curses at her children in public and causes a big scene, making you feel sorry for her kids? The Danes have a word for her. It doesnt make her any more appealing but at least she gets a fitting word.Koi No Yokan (Japanese)This word describes the sensation you get when you meet someone for the first time and somehow know that the two of you will fall in love. Its poetic and possibly not based on reality, but some people swear theyve experienced it.Kummerspeck (German)This word means the excess weight gain ed from emotional overeating. That pint of ice cream or multiple slices of chocolate cake might soothe your emotional turmoil, but only temporarily!Lagom (Swedish)Goldilocks would have appreciated this word in her story with the three bears. Its synonymous with moderation but specifically means not too much and not too little, but just the right amount.Layogenic (Tagalog)This word means someone who is beautiful from a distance but is a mess in a close-up encounter. Instagram filters, anyone?Litost (Czech)This word means state of torment created by the sudden sight of ones own misery.Luftmensch (Yiddish)While there are several Yiddish words to describe social misfits, this one specifically describes an impractical dreamer with no business sense.Mamihlapinatapai (Yaghan language of Tierra del Fuego)This means a look shared by two people, each wishing that the other would initiate something that they both desire but which neither wants to make the first move.Mencolek (Indonesian)Have y ou ever tapped someone lightly on the opposite shoulder from behind to fool them? This is the word for it.Mencomot (Indonesian)This is when you steal things of little to no value simply for the excitement of it. You dont really need it, you just need the rush the theft creates.Pana Poo (Hawaiian)This word means when you scratch your head in order to help you remember something youve forgotten. Now, where did I put those car keys?Pelinti (Buli, Ghana)You know how when you bite into food thats too hot and try to move it around in your mouth to relieve the pain of it? Thats pelinti.Pochemuchka (Russian)We all know that annoying classmate who asks a million questions while the teacher is trying to teach. The Russians have a name for him/her.Razbliuto (Russian)If youve ever loved someone but are no longer with them, youve experienced this word. Its probably especially useful for Russian poets.Saudade (Portuguese)When you experience melancholic longing or nostalgia for a person, place or thing that is far away from you, youre experiencing saudade.Schadenfreude (German)If youve ever enjoyed seeing or hearing about someone elses troubles, youve experienced this. It doesnt exactly reflect well on ones moral character, but weve all likely been guilty of it at one point or another.Schlimazl (Yiddish)This word is used to describe an inept, bungling person who seems to be forever unlucky.Seigneur-terraces (French)Leave it to the French to invent this word, which means someone who sits at tables for a long time in a coffee shop but doesnt spend much money. Perhaps they just need the wi-fi?Shemomedjamo (Georgian)This word is used when you accidentally eat a too-large portion of food because it was so good that you couldnt quit.Shouganai (Japanese)This describes something that you shouldnt worry about because you cant control the outcome and will only ruin the good moments by worrying. Think of it as another way of describing fate.Sobremesa (Spanish)It makes sense that the Sp anish, who enjoy lingering for a long time at the table following meals, invented this word. It refers to the moment after eating a meal when the food is gone but the conversation is still flowing at the table.Sobremesa is a Spanish word describing when the moment when the food is gone but the conversation is still flowing at the table. Photo by Kevin Curtis on Unsplash.Tartle (Scottish)Weve all experienced this and its usually embarrassing when it happens, but tartle describes the moment when youre talking to someone youve been introduced to before but you cant remember their name.Tingo (Pascuense)This is the act of gradually stealing your neighbors things by borrowing them and not returning them.Treppenwitz (German)Have you ever thought of the perfect comeback remark long after the chance to actually make it? If so, youve experienced treppenwitz.Tsundoku (Japanese)If youre in the habit of buying new books, only to never read them, youre guilty of tsundoku.Tuerto (Spanish)This is l oosely translated to The One-Eyed and refers to a man with one eye.Uffda (Swedish)This is a sympathetic remark youd say to someone who is in pain. It basically means that youre sorry they hurt.Vybafnout (Czech)Remember when you were a kid and enjoyed jumping out to scare your siblings by saying boo? Thats exactly what this word means.Waldeinsamkeit (German)When youre alone in the woods, this word describes the feeling of it.Weltschmerz (German)This is another translation of the expression first-world problems, and means the weary sadness experienced by privileged youth. It translates literally to world-grief.Yaarburnee (Arabic)Literally translated as may you bury me, this word refers to the romantic hope that you will die before someone you love deeply dies, because you cannot imagine living without them.YÃ… «gen (Japanese)This is the profound, mysterious sense of the beauty of the universe, and the sad beauty of human suffering. As an important concept in Japanese culture, the exac t translation often depends on the context. In Chinese philosophy the term was taken from yÃ… «gen meaning dim, deep or mysterious.Yuputka (Ulwa)When you walk in the woods at night and feel the phantom sensation of something crawling on your skin, youre experiencing yuputka.Zeg (Georgian)Just as the Spanish invented a word that means the day before yesterday, the Georgians invented one that means the day after tomorrow.Zhaghzhagh (Persian)When your teeth chatter, either from the cold or from rage.

Explain how carter uses language to change the voice of the narrator throughout the bloody chamber Essay Example

Explain how carter uses language to change the voice of the narrator throughout the bloody chamber Essay Example Explain how carter uses language to change the voice of the narrator throughout the bloody chamber Essay Explain how carter uses language to change the voice of the narrator throughout the bloody chamber Essay Essay Topic: There Will Be Blood Carter uses language devices to reflect change in the narrators voice throughout. For example, most pornographic of confrontations this is metaphorical imagery. As pornography is sex from a secondary perspective this shows the narrators reaction to the prospect of sex, an element of self detachment, as pornography is the act of sex as viewed from an outsider. This shows that the narrator feels vulnerable and uncomfortable with the proposed sexual act. It could suggest that she is using metaphorical imagery to emotionally distance herself from the situation, as to describe a potential sexual encounter using language other than what is literally occurring could suggest that she is trying to remove her feelings from it. However, the mention of pornography could outline the feeling of shame the narrator feels, as it is affiliated with social taboos and embarrassment. This would show that through her materialistic intent she is begrudgingly in a sexual situation, with the man she is only with for his fortune. She might feel like a prostitute through this, and therefore shameful for her choices. Carter uses this device to express that sex should be entirely consensual, not just through acceptance of it, but for both partners to want to under no pressure or feeling of shame. Later, the theme of sex is furtherly explored and language is used again to represent change in the narrators voice. For example, her cunt a split fig this is heightened language. This could indicate an imitation of the marquiss attitude towards sex, confrontational and desensitized. Therefore showing that through a self realization of shame through her materialistic intentions and for where they led her, she may believe that she is no better than him, and therefore is acting like him. The juxtaposition of reaction towards sex in the novel could indicate that she perhaps is mentally damaged to an extent of which is relative to mental illness, and therefore could suggest that her account lacks reliability. Also, because the voice is referring to the past tense this could indicate that her taboo language is expressed through spite and discontent presently, and therefore because it is spoken retrospectively it defies the happy ending clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ evident in generic fairytales. Cart ers intention here was to emphasize the current emotional state of the narrator, and to therefore make the reader question her reliability as a source. Also, her intention could be to corrode the happy ever after fairytale ending, because bluebeard featured this, through using intertexuality she brings a sense of realism into the story. Carter uses language devices to depict change in the narrators voice. For example, lamb chop appetite artichoke are all words relative to the semantic field of food. Food is a necessary and regular requirement, and therefore the narrator feels that this is parallel to her husbands libido. Also, food is something that is bought and owned by the buyer, this could questionably be relative to the narrators position, as what she wanted from him was purely materialistic and so her love has been bought by him, and she may feel like his possession and therefore obligatory to his needs. This implicates his needs, but her passion isnt evident and therefore the sexual area of their relationship is entirely his lust. Carters intention here was to show that men generally see and treat women as inanimate objects, and therefore when a womans opinion and attitude towards sex, among other things relative to a relationship is ignored, the relationship is unequal. And therefore Carter is emphasizing th at unequal relationships are wrong.

The eNotes Blog Sincerely, Will Has a Seventh Shakespeare Signature BeenFound

Sincerely, Will Has a Seventh Shakespeare Signature BeenFound This week, the Folger Shakespeare Library announced that it may have located an authentic signature by William Shakespeare in their collection.   You might wonder how such a thing might have gone overlooked for so long.until you know that the Folger houses some 256,000 volumes of Renaissance works. There are millions of pages in these thousands of books, and in one of them is the faint but legible signature of Wm Shakespeare. If the signature is proven genuine, it will be priceless. Only six verified signatures are known to exist. This, therefore, would be the seventh. The Folgers excitement at the find might best be described as cautiously optimistic. There have been many signatures in the past that have been declared frauds.   Fortunately, technological advances are making determining the authenticity of the signature easier. A group known as the Lazarus Project is using an advanced technique called multispectral imaging. The researchers take very high-resolution photographs of old text, art or objects using twelve different wavelengths of light, ranging from ultraviolet to infrared, beyond the boundaries of the human eye. Next, they use software to combine these images into the clearest possible picture of the text. Multispectral imaging can reconstruct writing that has suffered all kinds of damage, from erasure to water damage. Shakespeare scholars are eagerly awaiting word from the Lazarus Project, particularly due to the type of book in which the signature appears. Archaionomia is a collection of Elizabethan laws. If this volume did indeed belong to the playwright, it may mean that he knew more about law than was previously understood and this knowledge may have informed many of his plays. One of the interesting questions for Shakespeare scholars is what Shakespeare read, says George Heyworth, a professor of English at the University of Mississippi.   If we know what he read, then we know what he was thinking when he wrote his plays.

Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci Essay

Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci - Essay Example The essay "Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci" discovers the art of two famous artists, Leonardo da vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti. His arts which were carved out of inspiration from the former structures gradually resulted in matured state of his unique style and his passion in differentiating his work. He was known as the master in reinventing the renaissance of western art in Europe His art mainly targets towards larger audience. Michelangelo used to carve on large pieces of marble. His human manifestation were more wholesome as it was clearly indicated in work â€Å"David† for which the others contemporary sculptures gave a less muscular frame. The Sistine ceiling frescoes depict the unique composition he used to adopt to express his perceptions. Michelangelo sculptures depict the homosexual inhibition in his sculptures as some of the sculptures were nude His sculpture depicts the male dominance factors the dynamism and supremacy. The sculpture introduces thr ee unique historically significant figures like the Adam eve, the great creation and the Noah. The artistic creations changed according to the evolution of the prevailing situation in Rome and Italy as it was clearly reflected in the artifacts in the mid 1520’s.The sculptures exhibited extreme emotions, turmoil and aggression. Leonardo Da vinci is a human prodigy. He used to concentrate deeply in digging the spirituality .He pioneered works in field of technology and science. His inventions almost elevated the features of science.

HOW TO DEVELOP THE ESTREN FOOD IN THE UK Assignment

HOW TO DEVELOP THE ESTREN FOOD IN THE UK - Assignment Example 2012). Also the skills related to its job position should be set, so that hiring for these positions to be developed with no delay (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The HRM issues of the restaurant are analyzed further in section 2 of this paper. Another organizational sector that should be carefully reviewed in advance is accounting. Chapman et al. (2011) notes that in all firms accounting can result to important challenges mostly because of the following facts: a) it is difficult for managers to choose in advance the accounting strategy on which the business operations will be based; for example, emphasis will be give on re-investing profits or using profits for covering operational costs, so that the borrowing is fully avoided (Chapman et al. 2011, p.709), b) the level of profitability of a business and the market performance cannot be predicted in advance, a fact that it is quite common in new businesses; in this context, Eastern foods should not adopt a strict accounting strategy but rather short-term accounting plans should be applied, so that alterations and replacements are feasible in case of market changes or low profits. At the same time, Al-Hakim (2007) explains that managers in new businesses should emphasize on the introduction of effective knowledge management systems. These systems can secure high speed and accuracy in regard to the knowledge transferred; under these terms the success of a firm’s accounting system is guaranteed (Al-Hakim 2007). In addition, managers in Eastern Foods have to face a series of operational issues, such as: a) would the operational framework of the business be the same as in the mother company, in India? B) Should innovative practices be introduced in order for the restaurant’s operations to be more aligned to the Western culture (Barnes 2008)? c) Which will be the exact form of the firm’s

Ineffective Work Place & Organizational Work Essay

Ineffective Work Place & Organizational Work - Essay Example As the discussion declares   procedures are developed, which culminate in to events and eventually give results. From the results, more ideas are developed for more procedures, making the process an endless circle. This is the process that generates change within an organization. However, in some instances, this process may not generate the desired change. There are times when the results culminate in events which are disastrous. This necessitates careful observation and supervision of the processes which are routine in the organization in order to avoid unwarranted circumstances. In health care, ineffective work place routine may be detrimental to human life and therefore it is necessary that these procedures be clearly understood by the health care managers. This paper highlights that In order for work place routine to be effective in achieving the objectives of the organization, it is important for health care managers to study and confirm their effectiveness. Performance of health care routines is usually the obligation of informed and skilled people. They are people who care about the outcome of their activities. Their actions are usually governed by institutional or organizational regulations as well as personal perspective and profession. In their research, Trisha Greenhalgh, Christopher Voisey and Nadia Robb view routine as an important aspect of health care. It enhances learning especially where foreign patients are involved. According to the research they conducted, it was routine for patients to be brought in accompanied by interpreters. This is significant in ensuring that staff and the medical personnel understand the patient. The research also established that interpreters had developed a way of overcoming the challenges in r egard to many patients who are used to making appointments for service.  

Health Care Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

Health Care Leadership - Essay Example Kevin as a manager has certain flaws among which the most frequent is his inability to communicate in terms of clear vision, conveying strategy formulated, getting feedback and identifying priorities with staff. Also, he lacks trust over abilities of others and does not allow them to take risks or work freely and therefore actually performs their job instead of letting them work. He also lacks identifying future opportunities and ideas to improve the business process. 3. After comparison of Kevin’s strengths and areas of development, I would prefer not to work under Kevin at this stage i.e. before professional development. Instead of being a team leader and high level manager, he has opted to work as team member lacking ideas of development. I could make a role model even the person working under me, but select a boss who provides enough space to take risks adopting new skills and gain experience. Communicating effectively in terms of macro affairs is the basic task of top management, which otherwise would cause confusion and chaos. In order to create a vision it is important not just to consult the higher management rather workers at lower and staff level should also be discussed (Robert Lussier, 2012). They could also come up with bright ideas, goals and objectives which can be made a part of the organization’s vision. In order to communicate the formulated vision statement, it must be ensured that every single employee in the organization has totally understood its value from the scratch; it’s not just remembering it but driving the right meaning of the statement. Those whom Kevin followed regarding the development program played a very important role in his development as a leader. Any development program is a gradual process, and self development in terms of communication requires time and phases. Although the coach mentored Kevin in terms of vision creation and communication, but the ones to practically analyse him were his colleagues. Without their honest opinion, it was not possible for Kevin adjusts his development strategy.

HRM of Tesco and Sainsbury Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HRM of Tesco and Sainsbury - Case Study Example The top managers are the ones who make the most crucial decisions of the organisation. The workers and the customers have no say in the decision making process. The writer now looks at the ways that the workers of these two organisations are motivated by the human resource personnel. This will help the writer in identifying the weaknesses and strengths of each motivation procedure. This is very important considering the fact that the business that the writer wants to embark on will be in the line of these two organisations. Tesco and Sainsbury are the competitors that the writer's grocery store will be up against. In this light, it becomes very important to study the dynamics of two organisations that are at extremes; one a success while the other can be described as a kind of a failure. The writer will examine the motivation that the Tesco management uses on their workers to motivate them to be one of the best in the industry. He will also embarking on checking why Sainsbury workers are not as motivated. At the end of the examination, the writer will have a very good idea of how to motivate his workers. He will combine the best aspects of these two different giants while avoiding or modifying the places that the two had gone wrong. The first task will be to examine the motivation theories that the two sets of managers use to motivate their workers. The strengths and weaknesses of both will be noted. This will be made possible by an examination of the leadership styles employed by the two companies. The second task will be to identify the structure, nature and functioning of groups within the organisations. This is because groups and group dynamics is very important to the operations of an organisation. The writer will note the opportunities and threats that these groups and how they are handled poses to the organisations. Lastly, the impacts of the technology on the functioning of the groups will also be examined. Task 1: An Examination of Motivational Theories in Leadership within Sainsbury and Tesco Companies There are many leadership styles as there are leaders. The style that a particular leader opts to employ will depend on his personality, believes and convictions and also the situation under which he is operating. The type of leadership employed is very important since it is going to determine the fate of the organization: whether it will succeed or not. The different forms of leadership styles that are employed by different managers in motivating their staff account for the varying performance that is found between two or more organizations that employ different approaches to leadership. And this explains the different picture that is Tesco chain of stores and Sainsbury, both in Europe. They are both giants, as far as retail market share is concerned. But Sainsbury is more of a small giant in comparison with Tesco. The latter is the market leader in U.K. But Sainsbury comes a distant third, after Asda. It is not far fetched to claim that the difference between the two performances h as been partly as a result of the different leadership styles that are employed by their leaders in motivating their employees. Task 1a: Leadership Style in Tesco and Sainsbury Tesco The word leadership in Tesco's context brings to mind the leadership style that is practiced by Sir Terry Leahy (Heller: 2005). This is the chief executive who has been on the helm of this giant since 1997 (Heller: 2005). Under his

Health Care Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

Health Care Leadership - Essay Example Kevin as a manager has certain flaws among which the most frequent is his inability to communicate in terms of clear vision, conveying strategy formulated, getting feedback and identifying priorities with staff. Also, he lacks trust over abilities of others and does not allow them to take risks or work freely and therefore actually performs their job instead of letting them work. He also lacks identifying future opportunities and ideas to improve the business process. 3. After comparison of Kevin’s strengths and areas of development, I would prefer not to work under Kevin at this stage i.e. before professional development. Instead of being a team leader and high level manager, he has opted to work as team member lacking ideas of development. I could make a role model even the person working under me, but select a boss who provides enough space to take risks adopting new skills and gain experience. Communicating effectively in terms of macro affairs is the basic task of top management, which otherwise would cause confusion and chaos. In order to create a vision it is important not just to consult the higher management rather workers at lower and staff level should also be discussed (Robert Lussier, 2012). They could also come up with bright ideas, goals and objectives which can be made a part of the organization’s vision. In order to communicate the formulated vision statement, it must be ensured that every single employee in the organization has totally understood its value from the scratch; it’s not just remembering it but driving the right meaning of the statement. Those whom Kevin followed regarding the development program played a very important role in his development as a leader. Any development program is a gradual process, and self development in terms of communication requires time and phases. Although the coach mentored Kevin in terms of vision creation and communication, but the ones to practically analyse him were his colleagues. Without their honest opinion, it was not possible for Kevin adjusts his development strategy.

First Amendment freedoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

First Amendment freedoms - Essay Example The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments, which contain procedural and substantive guarantees of individual liberties and limits upon government control and intervention. The First Amendment, perhaps the best known of these freedoms and protections, prohibits the establishment of a state-supported church, requires the separation of church and state, and guarantees freedom of worship, of speech and the press, the rights of peaceable assembly, association and petition. While some Supreme Court justices have declared that First Amendment freedoms are absolute or occupy a preferred position, the Court has routinely held they may be limited so as to protect the rights of others (e.g. libel, privacy), or to guard against subversion of the government and the spreading of dissension in wartime. Thus, the Court's majority has remained firm - the First Amendment rights are not absolute. Only two Supreme Court justices, Justice Hugo Black and Justice William O. Douglas, insisted the First Amendment rights are absolute and their dissenting opinions fell to the wayside. Most court cases involving the First Amendment involve weighing two concerns: public vs. private. Also, the Supreme Court has often defined certain speech, also known as "at risk speech," as being unprotected by the First Amendment (Corwin 56). Freedom of speech and expression is not a luxury of democracy, but it should be recognized as a necessity. In order for a democratic form of government to function and continue to exist, it must have free expression and educated criticism. Most of the development of the United States' free society has come about because of public debate and disclosure, in both oratory and written form. The First Amendment was written because at America's inception, citizens demanded a guarantee of their basic freedoms. Without the First Amendment, religious minorities could be persecuted, the government might well establish a national religion, protesters could be silenced, the press could not criticize government, and citizens could not mobilize for social change. When the U.S. Constitution was signed on Sept. 17, 1787, it did not contain the essential freedoms now outlined in the Bill of Rights, because many of the Framers viewed their inclusion as unnecessary. However, after vigorous debate, the Bill of Rights was adopted. The first freedoms guaranteed in this historic document were articulated in the 45 words written by James Madison that we have come to know as the First Amendment. The Bill of Rights - the first 10 amendments to the Constitution - went into effect on Dec. 15, 1791, when the state of Virginia ratified it, giving the bill the majority of ratifying states required to protect citizens from the power of the federal government. First Amendment Speech and Provision was absolutely rigid by original intent, higher than modern standards (indeed unreasonable by modern standards) and not coincident with eighteenth century perceptions of the proper extent of the right to publish or speak freely. The strongest piece of new evidence involves the unofficial reporter who sat close to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Near the end of the first session of the First Congress, after the drafting of the First Amendment (then third) but before submission of the amendment to the

Creative Writing Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing Essay The seven habits described in Stephen R. Covey’s book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, are life-altering improvements that require hard work and commitment to change oneself from within. The book has been considered a milestone in the genre of self-help books. First published in 1989, it has been assisting many people since. The first habit, ‘Be Proactive: Principles of Personal Vision,’ is the foundation, the beginning steps towards effectiveness. The whole point that Covey emphasizes on is that; the manner in which two types of people react, which is similar to the difference between day and night. These people are proactive and reactive; the former focuses on values, the latter on feeling. Nevertheless, proactive people can be said as void of much feelings and emotions. This outlook can be seen as a potential disadvantage to those who seek to bring a change in themselves. Proactive people see love as a verb, not feeling and interactivity is their best tool; a little more than unnerving for many people. The reason for this is that we depend wholly on ourselves alone or on others alone; never believing in interaction. Proactive people consider the ‘I can be’ of themselves whilst, reactive people concentrate on the ‘If I have’ in life. The author says that if we think any problem as being ‘out there’ then that though is the problem. Yet, the author thinks it is innocuous to guide people by motivating them but disregards the thinking process. Pro-activity then, is not much different from reactivity, the strong point of the animal world, if we do not think over what we are about to do (Orsini, 1996). It seems that Covey’s actual point here is self-control which comes foremost when we aim to be morally uncorrupt. Covey has used his own terminology to describe various phrases in the book. For instance, the phrase: inside-out approach in various situations in life. It says that the change from within is more prominent and permanent than a mere change from outside (Weber, 2009). Character sprouts from our attitude and the way we behave; changing it will be the progress. His ‘principles of personal vision’ doesn’t really relate to each other. There is a different concept under every heading in this habit. Every human being has its own set of responsibilities; this idea arouses feelings of uncertainty. It is so very easy to abandon our responsibilities in the name of others’ weaknesses. We cannot accept the fact that everything we do in our life is our decision; even when we are forced. Another aspect of this is that, we ourselves have to take initiatives and provide ourselves with opportunities. It isn’t right if someone keep saying, ‘If I could only be more slim and lean,’ and does nothing about it. If outside authorities mold our choices, we cannot be held answerable for our actions, this defines determinism. Covey defines this as a phenomenon that puts the blame on others. The theory is that we will act in the way that we are trained to do so; by our genetics, psyche or our environment. All in all, the phenomenon doesn’t help in the 21st century because people don’t care anymore if they are socially acceptable. Since the start of this century, we have succeeded in steering clear out of the grasp of so-called conditioning and determinism. Nevertheless, many people do not recognize the amazing ability of our mind to choose the way to respond to a stimulus. Only our body can be reined in but not our mind. We have the incredible power to imagine, of an independent will and self-awareness. To be self-aware is like to be able to see yourself from afar; to assess yourself and the way your mind works. This ability is unique in humans. On the other hand, the philosophy of free will is not accepted by several people. Outside influences only affects those people who let them affect them. When we acquire the skill to create circumstances, we also gain the power to empower them. Just as there was a woman who helped her boss overcome his weakness by compensating her own talents; this made her more trustworthy. It isn’t sufficed to say that, we have no control over the events that takes place in our lives. If the character is built up to concentrate otherwise, then the theory isn’t acceptable to the psyche. The reality is that deep down inside we have a conscience which is always making us aware of what is right and wrong; and yet we can choose to ignore it or be aware of it and do something required to be done. Then it only becomes a question of utilizing it and a choice to be either kind or cruel. At times humans can burry it as deep inside as if it isn’t there at all. The author’s discussion about the Circle of Concern and the Circle of Influence is not very convincing. It is hard for a person to follow the concept and its advantages. It acknowledges the fact, that people usually focus their energy and efforts worrying about futile concerns. There are some incidents which we can only be concerned about and others, which we can successfully mold into a result that we require. We can, directly or indirectly, control some situations in life. This is secondary to our Circle of Influence. It says that we can choose our actions, but not the consequences that come with the actions that we chose. Hence, our actions cannot guarantee that we will not fall. Then the author describes this habit further by saying that, we should accept our mistakes and correct them. In addition, we should also be aware that we cannot undo them, so regret is a pointless exercise. Between both these points is the fact that we can still commit mistakes. The book talks about making and keeping commitments; which we can do so if we start small and grow bigger. Essentially, we will be developing habits by keeping our commitments and achieving goals. A bit far fetched logic, but reasonably sought out. From our language to our response towards people, all things determine our character and the level of our proactive or reactive behavior. No one can hurt us without our permission; we can decide that we are not going to be affected by certain events in our life. The day we accept that we are the ones responsible, that’s the day we truly begin to see ourselves. This habit ultimately aims to build up our character. Deciding to be somebody driven by values, not by having things is a lesson; in accepting the consequences of our actions and eventually keeping our commitments. References Covey, S. R. (2003). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. New York: Simon Schuster. Orsini, J. (1996). The Stephen Covey Phenomenon—An Evangelization Opportunity. Retrieved June 19, 2009 from http://www. ewtn. com/library/BUSINESS/COVEY. HTM Weber. edu. (2009). Establishing Your Sense of Direction. Retrieved June 19, 2009 from http://faculty. weber. edu/molpin/healthclasses/1110/coveystuff. htm

Relationship Between Marketing and Consumer Demand

Relationship Between Marketing and Consumer Demand From the past decades to the new 21st century, the global economy had grown vastly over the years and the organisations had come to a realization of the importance of customer demands and the need for marketing. For most of the companies, their main objective was to make a certain amount of profit. Profit can be earned by satisfying the customers’ need through the use of marketing philosophies. Hence, customer value is an essential component for marketers to examine through the process of producing a product/outcome. In order to understand marketing and consumer demand, we will have to first elaborate the concept of what is marketing and look at the customer values. And the remaining essay would elucidate the relationship between the two. No matter in what type of industries or how large were the organisations, the company would have a certain amount of skill in marketing. So, what is marketing? Most of the people may picture a salesman straight away as they believe marketing were equivalent to the word ‘selling’. However, selling was only one of the several functions of marketing. â€Å"Marketing is the activity, set of institution, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.† (AMA, 2013) The first part of the definition, ‘activity, set of institution, and processes’ recognizes the broad scope of marketing. It indicates the roles/functions that need to be performed by marketers such as perform market researches and choosing target markets. The second part of the definition is ‘creating, communicating, delivering’. This suggests that marketing is to get the right goods and services to the right people at the right place at the right time at the right price (Elliott, Greg, Thiele Waller, 2012, ). This part of the definition included the creation and the delivery process of marketing. The third part of the definition ‘exchanging offerings that have value’ includes the process satisfying customers’ needs and wants through exchange which is one of the ways for individuals to get what they desired by offering certain things that the other party desired. For instance, money or other products. The last part of the definition â⠂¬Ëœcustomers, clients, partners, and society at large’ outlines the beneficiaries of the process of marketing. The benefits were not only received by the organisations and the consumers, the suppliers and the society can also gain benefits from marketing. The society can be benefited from marketing as marketing creates employments and society welfares and wealth as more people are spending and thus indirectly speeds up the GDP. Marketers have to perform functions such as identify the need, development of the product, pricing, distributing and promoting the product. Their main aim is to make selling superfluous. (Kotler Philip, 1983, p. 4) Apart from the definition, marketing can also be examined from the five philosophies of marketing. The production philosophy assumes the consumer would favor in the product and the main aim is to improve the efficiency of both production and distribution. The product philosophy looks at the quality of the product while assuming the consumers would favor the product. The selling philosophy involves organisations stimulate customer’s interests. The marketing philosophy questions the organisation, whether they did satisfy the customer’s needs efficiently and effectively or not compared with their competitors. And lastly, the societal marketing philosophy considers whether the organisation enhanced the consumer’s and the society’s well-being based on the marketing philosophy. For a product such as the Membership to Zoos Victoria, the marketers would have done market researches and targeted the membership to families and children as they had packaged a lot of benefits for children or family. For instance, there are 15% discounts from the stores in the zoo. Membership to Zoos Victoria also creates and deliver the good at the right time and right place, the product can be brought from online or at the zoo and even if the consumers purchased the membership after the visit to the zoo, they could get refunds for the ticket money. As mentioned in the previous, the zoo’s main target is family and children, as the kids can satisfy themselves while they visit the animals, the exchange was proceeded as the consumers, parents/families does gain happiness within the tour. Before we discuss about the customer value, I believe it is essential for us to understand value. Value is the worth, desirability or utility (Grà ¶nroos, C., 1997). On the other hand, customer Value is the difference between the benefits a customer sees from a market offering and the costs of obtaining those benefits (Quester, P., 2007). By all means, in order to make customers receive the benefits, they would have to give up certain things for the exchange of the product. In decree to get better acknowledged about the customer value, we can apply the diagram beneath. Functional/instrumental value is concerned with the products usability; the products unique characteristics and its desired function. This value is basically generated by the purchase and use of the product. Under the functional value, there are three main areas the correct attributes, appropriate performances and outcome. The correct attributes concerns with the characteristics a product has as consumers would prefer to buy a product that has the most suitable characteristics that they desired. Appropriate performances look at the quality of the product. So, the customer would be satisfied if the product is able to perform as well as it was appeared in its description. Lastly, the appropriate outcome considers whether the product reaches the outcomes that the consumer demanded. The experiential/hedonic value looks at the products ability in creating experiences, feelings and emotions of its users. For this value, there are four parts to it sensory, emotional, social/relational and epistemic. Some retailers focus on sensory value (such as aesthetes, ambulance, aromas, feel/tone) (Smith Mark, C., 2007). The third beneficial value is the symbolic/expressive value. This value is concerned with the extent to which the product gave its user a certain degree of self-worth or self-value. It is also a value that connects with personal meanings of the product to particular consumers. The social meanings of how the others think about you and conditional meanings such as Valentines rose or the dumplings that we have for Chinese New Year Festival. In order to have the benefits, customers also has cost/sacrifice values. This can be economic losses, risks associated with the product, personal investments and psychological losses. So, by knowing the customers concerns or hold back in the process of purchasing a product, the marketers would look at the costs and tries to minimize the costs so products can be sold more efficiently. For the Victoria zoos, its product: the mem bership of zoos Victoria has complied with the four values. The product does provide services/tours for its members and it has appropriate performance and outcomes (functional values). Furthermore, the membership also blends in with emotional, relational and epistemic values as the members can both enjoy the tour and learn knowledge about the zoo animals at the same time. It also helps to enhance the relationships between the consumers (families). It gave its consumers the experience to have a close interactions with the animals. The membership contains symbolic values as it carries out personal and social meanings. On the membership website, the campaign was focused on children or family relationship and it also mentioned about the fees for membership would be used for saving extinction animals. This would make the consumers of the zoo appears to be morally respectful to the society as they are indirectly helping/saving animals. Marketing and customer value has a close relationship. Customers are the core of marketing as the consumers would only buy products that they strongly desired. Thus, in order for the company to be successful, organisations would have to be customer orientated. Before organisations produce their product, a certain amount of market research would be made and these researches would have focused on the consumer needs. As more and more businesses had opened locally and globally, each organisation faces with a greater extent of competitions, no matter in quality, price or service. This growing fierce competition had led organisations to put strong emphasis on customer value and their needs. Therefore, when companies creating their product, they would put consumers values into the consideration so their product can outweigh the competitors’ products. The same concept was also adopted by the Victoria zoo, in their product, the membership to zoos Victoria. Consumers are able to receive benefits from the exchange process as their values being fulfilled by the product. For instance, members can visit new exhibits prior to the non-members, customers and there are 15% discounts for any purchase at the zoo stores. The consumer can also receive benefits such as the freedom to visit all the zoos in Victoria and there are special name cards for individual kids. These characteristics would satisfy most of the customers as they would feel being welcomed and well considered by the zoo. The zoo’s welcome letter also addresses themselves as a family, which would made consumers to felt being a part of a family. Overall, the membership of zoo Victoria is a successful product as its advertisement campaign was very well presented, there are considerations for the customer values and it adopts the marketing philosophies well through the product. For the purposes of gaining more consumers, the organisations must have a strong understanding in marketing, both as its definition and its five philosophies and in the concept of customer value. When marketing and customer values are being understood by companies, the organisation, customers and the society can all gain benefits from it as businesses can earn more profit, customers can enjoy their life by using the product and the society can gain benefits through the interactions between the two parties. Reference List America Marketing Association – AMA. (2013) Definition of Marketing. Retrieved from https://www.ama.org/AboutAMA/Pages/Definition-of-Marketing.aspx Elliott, Greg, Sharyn Thiele, and David Waller. Marketing. 2nd Ed. (pp. ) Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia, 2012 Kotler, Philip. Marketing and Human Needs. Marketing in Australia. (pp. 4) New York: Prentice-Hall, 1983 Grà ¶nroos, C. (1997), â€Å"Value-Driven Relationship Marketing: From Products to Resources and Competencies,† Journal of Marketing Management, 13 (5), 407–419. J. Brock, S., Mark, C. (2007) Customer value creation: a practical framework. Associate Professor of Service Management, Faculty of Business, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Quester, Pascale G.. Chapter One. Marketing: creating and delivering value. 5th Ed. (pp. ) North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd., 2007. Smith and Colgate. (2007) Customer value creation: a practical framework, Journal of Marketing Theories and Practices. Vol 15, No. 1, pp 7-23

Hamlet-identity Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare’s Hamlet is arguably one of the best plays known to English literature. It presents the protagonist, Hamlet, and his increasingly complex path through self discovery. His character is of an abnormally complex nature, the likes of which not often found in plays, and many different theses have been put forward about Hamlet's dynamic disposition. One such thesis is that Hamlet is a young man with an identity crisis living in a world of conflicting values. An identity crisis can be defined as 'a psychosocial state or condition of disorientation and role confusion occurring especially in adolescents as a result of conflicting internal and external experiences, pressures, and expectations and often producing acute anxiety.' (www.dictionary.com) It was apparent that Hamlet did indeed have an identity crisis because of his conflicting internal and external experiences and the pressures and expectations from those in the Royal Court of Denmark. He endures conflicting internal and external experiences such as the ghost of his father requesting him to exact revenge on Claudius and in doing so contradict all of the morals he has formed. Pressures to accept the dubious marriage of his mother to his uncle, pressure to accept Claudius as the new king and expectations from the court to be emotionally strong in spite of his father's demise and from the ghost of his father to avenge his death by killing Claudius all challenge Hamlet's strength of se lf. His anxiety is caused as a result of these external pressures. Hamlet lives in a country of different worlds. At the time, Denmark was in a state of transition between three metaphysical worlds; the heroic world, where a man's honour was foremost, killing was not accepted but expected, might was power, the Machiavellian world, an amoral world where politics and mind games were employed ruthlessly, the ends justified the means, and the Christian world of love and forgiveness. Hamlet was a Christian living in a dying Heroic world which was succumbing to the Machiavellian world. Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, belonged to the heroic world, and so for him revenge was of the utmost importance, shown by the fact that "but two months" (1:2, 136) after his death he returned to instruct Hamlet to avenge his murder. Hamlet's disgust at his mother's marriage to his uncle before "the salt of most unrighteous tea... ...ing madness to sanity are reminiscent of a bi-polar disorder such as manic depression. It is possible that Hamlet put on his antic disposition to allow himself freedom from the usual constraints and etiquette of the court so that he could use different means to discover Claudius' guilt without being discovered himself. Or his feigned madness may have been a reaction to the stress of his predicament, because in doing so he frees himself from having to make decisions on courses of action and he effectively becomes a spectator in the running of his own life. Hamlet is a man with an identity crisis because of the conflicting emotions he is feeling and expectations being thrust upon him. His eventual plunge into a state of insanity was a direct consequence of stress. The stress between worlds destroyed his moral base, the actions of his mother and his consequential treatment of Ophelia left him with no 'north point' to follow and his constant changing of moods either caused his crisis or were as a result of losing his way. Hamlet to this day remains a complex character in the centre of perhaps the finest play in the history of the English language.

Analysis Of Ibsens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

"A Doll House" A critical Analysis When Nora slammed the door shut in her doll's house in 1879, her message sent shockwaves around the world that persist to this day. "I must stand quite alone", Nora declared after finding out that her ideal of life was just a imagination of her and that all her life had been build up by others people's, specifically her husband and her dad ideas, opinions and tastes. Nora is the pampered wife of an aspiring bank manager Torvald Halmer. In a desperate attempt to saves her husband's life Nora once asked for a loan so she and her family could move somewhere where her husband could recover from his sickness. Giving the circumstances she, as a woman of that period, by herself and behind her husband forged her dad signature to receive the loan. Now, Nora's lender (Mr. Krogstad), despite her paying punctually, uses that fault as a fraud to pressure her so she could help him to keep his job in the Bank where her husband is going to be the manager. Nora finds out that Torvald would fire Mr. Krogstad at any cost. At learning this, Nora trembles for she knows Mr. Krogstad will tell everything to Torvald. She remains confident; however that Torvald will stand by her no matter what outcome. His reaction though is not what she expected and therefore here is when she realizes that she "must stand quite alone" and leaves her husband. From the time A Doll's House was performed for first time (1879) till now, there have been all sorts of interpretation and critics about its message. According to Mr. Mayer's files critics considered that the A Doll's House message was that "a marriage was not sacrosanct, that a man's authority in his home should not go unchallenged". Another similar critics' interpretat... ... Johnston, Brian. Text and Supertext in Ibsen's Drama. Pennsylvania : The Pennsylvania State University , 1932. 2. Templeton, Joan. Ibsen's Women. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1997. 3. Tennant, P.F.D. Ibsen's Dramatic Technique. New York : Hummanities Press Inc., 1948. 4. Meyer, Michael. Ibsen's on file. London and New York : Methuen London Ltd., 1985. 5. Ford, Karen. "Social contrains and painful growth in A Doll's House". Expanded Academic ASAP. Methodist College , Fayetteville , NC . 30 Octuber 2005 6. Hopkins, Anthony and Bloom Claire. A Doll's House video recording. Southgate Entertainment." 1989. 7. Rekdal, Anne Marie. " The female Jouissance An Analysis of Ibsen's Et dukkehjem. Expanded Academic ASAP. Methodist College , Fayetteville , NC . 30 Octuber 2005

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 16

â€Å"Georgina.† My name came to me from far away, from far down a tunnel without an end. It echoed off the walls of my mind, loud at first and eventually fading to nothing. â€Å"Georgina. Look at me, sweetie.† â€Å"Let her sleep, Hugh.† â€Å"No, I need to talk to her and make sure she doesn't have a concussion. Georgina, come on. Open your eyes for me.† Through a mist of black fog, my brain parsed the words and slowly found meaning in them. Some basic response in me wanted to comply, but my eyelids felt like they were stuck together. Thinking-let alone answering-was too hard, but more words came to encourage me. â€Å"There you go, sweetie. Try it again. You almost had it.† With much effort, I finally managed to open my eyes. It was excruciating. My lids felt like they were made of lead. At first, I could only perceive one thing: light. I winced, wanting to sink back into that oblivion I'd been pulled from. And with this slight stirring of consciousness, all the pain I'd escaped from before suddenly returned. My head throbbed. My back burned. The clich? ¦ about breaking every bone in the body seemed like a very real possibility all of a sudden, and I was pretty sure I'd broken a few that weren't in my body. Sure, that didn't make sense, but with as bad as I felt, little did. â€Å"Oh God.† At least, that's what I tried to say. It came out as more of an indistinct moan. â€Å"Easy there. You don't have to say anything.† I opened my eyes again, this time making out a figure leaning over me. I knew his voice so well that I didn't need to see his face, which was a blur anyway. â€Å"Hugh,† I croaked. â€Å"Hey, ask her what-â€Å" â€Å"Shut up,† Hugh snapped. The jerky movement of his head made me think he'd glanced behind him, but I couldn't be certain. He moved his face closer to mine, bringing his features into sharper relief. He was paler than I'd ever seen him, his face filled with lines of worry and fear I'd never thought him capable of. He looked even more upset than when he'd come to tell us about Jerome's summoning. Reaching out, Hugh held the lids of one of my eyes open and shone a small light into it. I squirmed at the brightness-or at least I tried-but he was fast and did it to the other eye before it caused too much discomfort. When he finished, he moved his finger around in the air and studied my eyes as I followed it. â€Å"What's your name?† he asked. The voice behind him piped up. â€Å"You already said her name.† Hugh sighed and jerked a thumb over his shoulder. â€Å"What's his name?† â€Å"Cody,† I said. It was getting easier to speak, but the pain was going up the more conscious I became. Cody's voice was as familiar to me as Hugh's, and I felt certain Peter was here too. Hugh asked me a few other factual questions, like the current year and the location, and also if I was nauseous. â€Å"It all hurts,† I said, voice still slurred. I couldn't even move, let alone distinguish nausea from the rest of my pain. â€Å"Yeah, but do you feel like you're going to throw up? Right here? Right now?† I thought about it. My stomach hurt, but it was less of a queasy discomfort and more of a someone-just-kicked-me-with-stilettos discomfort. â€Å"No,† I said. Hugh sat back, and I heard him sigh in relief. â€Å"It all hurts,† I repeated. â€Å"Can you†¦make it stop?† He hesitated, and a moment later, Cody appeared beside him. â€Å"What's the matter? You've gotta give her something. Look at her. She's suffering.† â€Å"Understatement,† I mumbled. Hugh's face was still drawn. â€Å"I'm not gonna knock her out if she's got a concussion.† â€Å"She passed your tests.† â€Å"Those are field tests. They're not one hundred percent accurate.† â€Å"Please,† I said, feeling tears well in my eyes. â€Å"Anything.† â€Å"We know it won't kill her,† I heard Peter say. I'd been right about him being here. Hugh hesitated only a little longer. â€Å"Go get some water.† Cody disappeared, and Peter replaced him by Hugh's side. Hugh's expression was still grim. â€Å"Sweetie, I've got to clean up your back, and it's going to hurt.† â€Å"Worse?† â€Å"A different kind of hurt. But this has to be cleaned up so you don't get an infection, and then I need to shift you to check out the rest of you. The drugs'll help, but it's all going to hurt at first.† â€Å"Go for it,† I said, steeling myself. At this point, I couldn't really imagine worse pain. Besides, Hugh was a doctor. Everything was going to be okay now. Cody returned with a glass of water. Hugh made me drink some first, just to make sure I could keep it down. When I did, he gave me two pills to take with the rest of the water. I nearly choked on them-my throat felt raw and swollen, maybe from screaming-but I got them down. I wanted to ask what I'd just taken, but it seemed like too much work. â€Å"Should kick in in about twenty minutes,† Hugh said. I could see him fumbling with something in his lap. Standing up, he leaned over my back. Something wet touched my skin. â€Å"Son of a bitch!† Again, my words were slightly incoherent, but I think he caught my meaning. Stinging pain-a â€Å"different† pain, indeed-raced across my skin where he'd touched it. It was electric, sharp where the rest of my body throbbed. My desire to get away from that horrible stinging was so strong that I actually managed to move a little, but all that did was trigger the hurt in the rest of my body. The world blurred once more. â€Å"You're making it worse,† he warned. â€Å"Stay still.† Easy for him to say. I bit my lip as he continued. He was using antiseptic to clean the places Nanette had cut me. Necessary, as he'd said, but God, did it hurt. â€Å"Talk to her,† Hugh said to no one in particular. â€Å"Distract her.† â€Å"What happened?† asked Peter. â€Å"Who did this to you?† â€Å"Nice distraction,† said Hugh. â€Å"Nanette,† I said. Saying her name made my stomach turn, and I hoped I wouldn't have to go back on what I'd said to Hugh about throwing up. â€Å"She was†¦mad.† â€Å"I guess,† said Peter. â€Å"Mad I told Cedric about her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Doesn't this kind of confirm your suspicions, then?† asked Cody. Yeah, if beating up the person who'd ratted out your secret plans didn't sound suspicious, I didn't know what did. But if Nanette really was behind Jerome's summoning, why not just kill me outright and leave no witnesses? Explaining that would take too many words and too much effort, so I just said, â€Å"I don't know.† â€Å"There,† said Hugh, straightening. â€Å"That wasn't so bad, was it?† I tried to glare, but I don't think he noticed. He rummaged in his kit once more and then leaned back over to start bandaging up the wounds. With as much as he was piling on me, I had the feeling I was going to look like a mummy. â€Å"Why didn't Dante stick around?† asked Cody. â€Å"Huh? Dante?† The bandage pressure wasn't as bad as the cleaning, but it was still uncomfortable. I wondered when those goddamned drugs were going to kick in. â€Å"He was here,† said Cody. â€Å"He called Hugh and told him to come over.† Some of the exact details of what had happened with Nanette were foggy, but I felt pretty confident, head trauma or no, that I would have remembered Dante being around. â€Å"Dante wasn't here,† I said. Hugh paused and looked me in the eye. â€Å"Then who called me? It was a guy, from your cell phone. Said to get over here and bring medical supplies-that you'd been hurt.† I frowned, and it came back to me, a shadow in the pain-filled haze of my memory. The strong arms and gentle voice. â€Å"There was someone here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I began slowly. â€Å"Not Dante. Someone else. He put me to bed.† Silence fell. A slight fuzziness was starting to tingle the edges of my senses, which I took as a good sign. It was more of a pleasant, dreamlike fuzziness-not the I-can't-handle-this-pain-anymore kind. There was still a fair amount of that, though. The guys exchanged puzzled looks. â€Å"Are you sure it wasn't him?† asked Cody. â€Å"Why would Dante leave her, though?† asked Peter. Hugh snorted. â€Å"No telling with him.† â€Å"Stop,† I mumbled. â€Å"It wasn't him.† â€Å"You can't remember a face or anything?† Peter asked. â€Å"Was it even someone you knew?† I thought again, desperately trying to dig out the memory. There was nothing, though. Only that he'd been someone familiar. â€Å"I knew him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That pleasant drowsiness was growing stronger. I wished it would hurry up. â€Å"There,† said Hugh. â€Å"All bandaged up. Help me move her so I can look at her ribs.† That was not fun, and the discomfort of the three of them turning me over-no matter how gentle they tried to be-was enough to momentarily break me out of the drug's soothing embrace. They managed to flip me over, putting moderate pressure on my back when I rested back against the bed, but allowing Hugh to examine the rest of me. He poked and prodded and had me take deep breaths. His final analysis was that I had a couple of broken ribs and a lot of bruising and pain that would just go away with time. â€Å"Great,† I said. I was so loopy by that point that I didn't even know if I was being sarcastic or not. Cody was still unable to give up my benefactor. â€Å"But who was here?† â€Å"The man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said. â€Å"You aren't going to get anything else out of her,† said Hugh wearily. â€Å"Not for a while. She's going to be in Dreamland any minute now.† â€Å"Dreamland. The man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I repeated. Suddenly, I giggled. â€Å"The man in the dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I saw them exchange pitying looks, just before my eyelids drooped closed. They thought I was talking nonsense. None of them knew about the story of the man in the dream, of that alluring and improbable alternate life that Nyx had shown me. But as I drifted off to Dreamland, it wasn't Nyx's vision I saw. It was more of that same, painless black†¦at least, it was until I got jolted by a million volts of electricity. I let out a small cry of surprise, my eyes popping open. It felt like hundreds of icy needles were dancing along my body, piercing every nerve. The room's details, as well as my friends, came to me in sharp, crystalline detail. No more fuzziness. Turning my head slightly, I saw a fourth person. Mei. She stood beside my bed, face blank and emotionless, arms crossed across her black silk blouse. â€Å"What happened?† I asked. My words were still thick, but my speech capabilities had improved by leaps and bounds. â€Å"I healed you,† she said flatly. â€Å"Inasmuch as I can. You're still going to hurt.† Demons, though once angels, didn't possess that power to heal that their heavenly counterparts had. They could do it in small bursts, however, and in expanding my senses to assess my body, I could feel how she'd gotten rid of the worst of my pain. I still ached in some places, and even bandaged, my back still stung. I no longer wanted to die, however, so that was definitely an improvement. â€Å"Thank you,† I said. Mei didn't look particularly compassionate or benevolent. Her expression darkened. â€Å"They say Nanette did this?† I hesitated. I'd already gotten in enough trouble with the archdemoness for telling on her. Of course, my friends had undoubtedly already told Mei the truth, and anyway, she was the closest I currently had to a boss. I wasn't entirely sure if I could trust her, but if I had to place my money on the demon most likely to have my back right now (no pun intended), it was her. â€Å"Yeah,† I admitted. â€Å"I told Cedric that Nanette had met with Jerome. She'd met with Cedric too, so it seemed kind of like she was manipulating both of them.† Mei's face grew harder still. Whether she agreed with me or not, she didn't reveal. â€Å"Nanette won't bother you again.† And with no more than that, the demoness vanished. â€Å"Girl fight,† said Hugh, looking the happiest I'd seen him today. â€Å"I don't think it's going to be in creamed corn or anything like that,† I remarked dryly. â€Å"Her sense of humor returns,† said Peter. â€Å"Definitely on the road to recovery.† I tried to sit up and winced. â€Å"Or not.† â€Å"Don't push it,† warned Hugh. â€Å"Mei can only do so much-â€Å" â€Å"What the hell's going on?† We all turned. Dante stood in the doorway to my bedroom. His face was a mixture of incredulity and utter confusion. Without waiting for an answer, he hurried over to the bed and knelt down so that he was at my level. â€Å"Are you okay? What happened?† His expression was so tender, so full of concern that I was momentarily taken aback. Dante was indeed selfish and arrogant, but he did care about me, no matter what my friends thought. And in dire situations-like now-that bitter faà §ade of his fell, revealing someone whose soul hadn't turned completely black yet. He tried hard to hide this side of himself, but I knew it was there. â€Å"I had a run-in with a demon,† I said. I gave him a brief explanation of what had happened. He grew more and more incredulous as I spoke. When I finished, he glanced around the room, studying everyone accusatorily. â€Å"How does something like this happen? I thought demons couldn't go around roughing people up. Aren't you under some kind of protection?† â€Å"Technically Jerome's,† I said. â€Å"But he's kind of busy right now.† â€Å"Maybe you're under Grace and Mei's protection now,† mused Cody. â€Å"Mei looked pissed.† â€Å"She always looks pissed,† said Hugh. â€Å"I should hope so,† snapped Dante. â€Å"Are they going to go kick this other demon's ass?† â€Å"She's not likely to smite her, if that's what you mean,† said Hugh. â€Å"Grace and Mei are under the same scrutiny as everyone else, but I bet Mei'll bitch Nanette out.† â€Å"Great,† said Dante. â€Å"A stern talking-to. That'll show her.† â€Å"It's unlikely Nanette'll do anything else. If she was going to kill Georgina, she would have already.† There was an almost gentle tone in Peter's voice. I think Dante's outrage and concern had convinced the vampire that Dante might not be the complete and total bastard he'd always believed. My immortal (or not so immortal) friends finally decided I was in reasonable enough condition to leave me in Dante's care. Hugh promised to check on me tomorrow, and I thanked him again for his help. He and the others looked like they wanted to hug me, but with my back, they knew better. When they were gone, Dante went out to the kitchen and came back with a bowl of ice cream. â€Å"Good for what ails you,† he said. I was surprised to discover I had a considerable appetite. Judging from the time, I'd been out quite awhile before Mei had shown up. It had only felt like a few seconds. â€Å"Careful,† I teased. â€Å"People are going to think you're a nice guy.† â€Å"Well, I'll have to go rob some orphans to save my reputation.† He lay in bed beside me, curled on his side so that he could gently keep his hand on my arm and talk to me. As the evening passed, our conversation mostly touched on inconsequential things, topics to distract me from Seattle's increasingly dangerous situation. Finally, when it came time for both of us to sleep, Dante brought up the attack again. â€Å"Succubus†¦who was here earlier?† I knew he didn't mean Hugh and the vampires. I frowned. Even with Mei's healing, my memories were sketchy. â€Å"I don't know. But I think†¦I think it might have been Carter.† â€Å"Really? I still can't believe that angel hangs out with you guys. But if it was him, why didn't he heal you? He could have fixed everything.† Through the fog of that ordeal, I recalled my rescuer's words. I can't heal you . â€Å"Because he's not supposed to interfere,† I said slowly, remembering my earlier rumination on whether blowing up a stove was interference. â€Å"Heaven's supposed to stay out of this. He probably shouldn't have even carried me to bed-which is why he would have then gotten out of here and left it to Hugh to patch me up.† â€Å"An angel breaking the rules and a demon healing the sick,† Dante said. â€Å"You and your associates just get more and more fucked up.† I shifted slightly, cautious of my back, and rested my head against him. â€Å"That's for damned sure.†